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The Flora of the Australian Capital Territory is the plants that grow naturally in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The environments range from Alpine area on the higher mountains, sclerophyll forest, to woodland. Much of the ACT has been cleared for grazing, and is also burnt off by bushfires several times per century. The kinds of plants can be grouped into vascular plants that includes gymnosperms, and flowering plants, ferns, bryophytes, lichens, fungi, and freshwater algae. Four flowering plants are endemic to the ACT. Also several lichens are unique to the ACT, however as further study is undertaken they are likely to be found elsewhere too. Most plants in the ACT are characteristic of Flora of Australia and include well known plants such as Grevillea, Eucalyptus trees and kangaroo grass. ==Vegetation habitats== Grassland originally occurred on the low plains around north Canberra, Woolshed creek in Majura, Jerrabomberra Creek in Symonston, Gerrabomberra Creek in Belconnen, Tuggeranong Creek in Isabella Plains and Yarralumla Creek in Woden Valley. Almost all of these areas have been built over by suburbs, or modified by farming. The main plants from the grasslands were ''Stipa'', ''Danthonia'' and ''Themeda'' (spear grass, wallaby grass and kangaroo grass). Trees do not exists on the grasslands due to the frost hollow effect where cold heavy air sinks on frosty mornings killing off larger vegetation. The remains of the grasslands are now full of introduced weeds and grasses. A small reserve of remnant grasslands is found at Yarramundi on the north side of Lake Burley Griffin. Most of the trees in the ACT are Eucalyptus species. Low altitude woodland is dominated by ''Eucalyptus melliodora'' (yellow box) and ''Eucalyptus polyanthemos'' (red box). ''E. blakelyi'' is found in lower lying areas. ''E. bridgesiana'' grows along creeks. In sandy soil near rivers ''Casuarina cunninghamiana'' is common. On the border between woodland and grassland ''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' (snow gum) and ''Eucalyptus rubida'' are the only trees growing. These trees can survive lower temperatures. High altitude woodland occupies the floor of the higher valleys in the south of the ACT. The trees are dominated by ''E. stellulata'' (black sally) and snowgums. On the ground above the woodland there is dry sclerophyll forest. The trees in this are ''Eucalyptus dives'' (broad leaved peppermint), ''E. mannifera var maculosa''〔(Australian Plant Name Index )〕 (red spotted gum), the scribbly gum (''Eucalyptus rossii'') and red stringy gum (''Eucalyptus macrorhyncha''). Mount Majura, Mount Ainslie, Bullen Range, and Black Mountain are covered in this kind of forest. Dry sclerophyll forest also grows on the north and west side of hills, below 660 meters, which is warmer and dryer. Gulleys in this kind of forest can contain ''Eucalyptus viminalis'' (manna gum) and ''Eucalyptus radiata var robertsonii''〔(Australian Plant Name Index entry )〕 (narrow leaved peppermint). Wet sclerophyll forest is found growing on the western mountainous parts of the ACT where rain fall is higher and the ground is more elevated. ''E. fastigata'' (brown barrel) and ''Eucalyptus delegatensis'' (alpine ash) dominate the forest. Dense shrubs up to five metres high form an understorey. Examples of these are ''Leptospermum lanigerum'', ''Pomaderris aspera'', ''Olearia argophylla'', and ''Bedfordia salicina''. The top side of this forest has ''Eucalyptus dalrympleana'' and ''E. pauciflora'' starting to take over. Alpine woodland is found in the highest levels of the ACT with ''E. pauciflora'' the dominant tree. This grows either thinly or in clumps, with the intervening ground feature ''Poa'' species.〔 ''Flora of the Australian Capital Territory'', Nancy T. Burbidge and Max Gray ANU Press Canberra 1979 ISBN 0-7081-0073-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flora of the Australian Capital Territory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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